❞ كتاب copts and muslims in egypt a study on harmony and hostility ❝ ⏤ SOHIRIN MOHAMMAD SOLIHIN

 كتاب pdf  Sohirin Mohammad Solihin هو عمل بحثى كبير يقدمه بأسلوب مميز ولغة سلسة ، يتناول من خلال فصول الكتاب مسألة التعاون بين فئتى المجتمع المصرى الأقباط والمسلمين، حيث يأخذ صور العداء والأحداث العدوانية بين الفئتين مقارنة بمدى الانسجام والألفة داخل مجتمع واحد، فالمجتمع المصرى مميز بطبائع خاصة عن غيره من المجتمعات التى تحمل طوائف وأديان مختلفة، حيث يفتقر الصراعات الطائفية من خلال تعاون أطيافه المختلفة فى نسيج وطنى واح
كتاب pdf  Sohirin Mohammad Solihin، ، يعد إضافة لفكر القارىء ، نتمنى لك قراءة ممتعة من خلاله.

Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction
Chapter 1: The Copts' Language and Social Status •.
Definition of 'Copt' .................. .
Coptic Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communities and Social Status . . . . . . . . . ..
Chapter 2: The Copts' Political Role Prior to
Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Struggle for Equal Rights .............. .
Struggle of the Wafdist Copts ........... .
Chapter 3: Western Missionary Activities ....... .
Catholic Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Anglican Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protestant Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Obstacles Facing Missionary Work ........ .
Muslims' Response to Mission ........... .
Main Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 4: Copt-Muslim Relations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peaceful Co-Existence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Muslims Save the Copts from Atrocities . . . . .
Sectarian Issues Between 1919 and 1952 .....
Debate Over the Issue of Minority . . . . . . . . .
Chapter S: The Rise of Communal Tension ...... .
The Islamic Movement and Anxiety of the Copts .
Changed Policy of the Coptic Church . . . . . . .
Efforts for Constitutional Islamization . . . . . . .
Crucial Relations Between the Two Communities

The Burning of al-Khankii Church . . . . . . . . . 83
Myth of a Coptic Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Patriarch Shenouda's Overseas Mission . . . . . . 88
Appendix 1: Changes in the Character of the Missionary
Problem in Mohammedan Lands . . . . . 93
Appendix 2: The Oriental Orthodox Churches . . . . . 106
Appendix 3: Tables of Confessional Distribution and
Classification of Population . . . . . . . . . 109
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

The term 'Copt' is used to refer to the indigenous Christian
of Egypt. After the Muslim conquest at the hands of 'Amr
bin al-'A~, in 639, under the command of the second caliph,

'Umar ibn al-Khattab, Copts, by and large, having experi-
enced the cruelty of the Roman empire which opposed

Christianity and massacred hundreds of thousands of the
followers of St. Mark, founder of the Coptic faith, turned
to Islam. Cyrus, the archbishop of Alexandria, following the
fall of Babylon described Muslims in these words: 'We have
witnessed a people to each and everyone of whom death is
preferable to life, and humility to prominence, and to one
of whom this world has the least attraction. They sit not
except on the ground, and eat not but on their knees. Their
leader (amir) is like unto one of them: the low cannot be
distinguished from the high, nor the master from the slave.
And when the time of prayer comes none of them absents
himself, all wash their extremities and humbly observe their
prayers.' In view of the position of Egypt, as the home of
the Copts long before he reached Egypt, the Prophet
MuJ:iammad (peace be upon him) had clearly warned his
Companions: 'If God bestows His grace on you to conquer
the country (Egypt), take mutual advice from its inhabitants
as I have marital kinship with them.' As Islam guarantees
free choice of religion, a number of Egyptians retained their
indigenous Coptic belief.

The long, peaceful co-existence between the two com-
munities, particularly prior to independence, deserves special

attention. They jointly struggled to liberate Egypt from
foreign domination. In taking the liberation campaign to the
masses, priests and Muslim Shaikhs used both religious
platforms - church and mosque - in an endeavour to bring
to an end the British occupation. Surprisingly, the Copts

resented the entry of Western Christian mission into Egypt.
The efforts of Western Christian mission to bring the Copts,
before an approach was made to the Muslims, into their faith
was not successful. Relations between the two communities
ebbed and flowed. Copts and Muslims in Egypt discusses the

past fraternity, the privileged position, and their joint strug-
gle in defence of the country and seeks to discover the roots

of the almost constant conflict between the Copts and
Muslims.
The objective of this study is to bring out the reluctance
of the non-Muslims in Egypt over the issue of constitutional
Islamization in that Copts are opposed to such a move. The

Copts' fear of the gradual process of constitutional Islamiza-
tion does not stem only from the parliamentary establish-
ment. The various Muslim youth organizations, which are

inseparable from Muslim Brethren influence, and who in
most cases were involved in the clashes, exacerbated the
Copts' apprehension. In view of the clashes, which occurred
time and again, the Copts accused the Sadat regime of being
too lenient to Muslims, while the Mubarak regime is seen
as adopting a soft policy towards the demands of the Muslim
leaders.