❞ كتاب Ovarian Cancer. Methods and Protocols-Humana Press ❝ ⏤ John M. S. Bartlett

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Ovarian cancer is the most common fatal cancer of the female reproductive tract in
industrialized countries. At the time of writing, it is the fourth most common cause of
cancer death in women in the U.K., after breast, lung, and colorectal cancer, with a
lifetime risk of approximately 2% (1). It tends to present at an advanced stage, with
limited prospects for treatment and generally poor survival.
The histological classification of ovarian cancer is complex, with a large number of
histological subtypes. Because of the rarity of each type, tumor studies have tended to
group the types into broader categories of “epithelial” and “nonepithelial” tumors.
“Borderline” tumors are distinguished by the absence of stromal invasion. They are
considered to be an earlier or less malignant form of ovarian cancer and have similar
epidemiological characteristics to epithelial tumors, with a better prognosis.
Generally speaking, ovarian cancer incidence increases with age and is more common in women with a family history of the disease. Reproductive and hormonal factors
appear to be the other main determinants of risk, with a decline in risk associated with
increasing parity, oral contraceptive use, hysterectomy, and sterilization by tubal ligation. For other factors, such as the use of hormone replacement therapy, fertility drug
treatment, breast feeding, and infertility, the evidence remains equivocal. This chapter
will discuss the epidemiology of ovarian cancer, starting with a brief outline of patterns
of incidence and time trends, before reviewing the evidence to date regarding risk factors for nonepithelial and epithelial tumors. In view of the sparsity of data regarding
risk factors for nonepithelial tumors, the bulk of the chapter relates to epithelial ovarian
cancer. This chapter presents a general summary; those requiring a more detailed review
are directed to an earlier publication

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology