❞ كتاب Integrative Approaches to Molecular Biology ❝ ⏤ Julio Collado-Vides, Boris Magasanik, and Temple F. Smith

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

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CONTENTS
Preface vii
1
Evolution as Engineering
Richard C. Lewontin
1
I
Computational Biology
11
2
Analysis of Bacteriophage T4 Based on the Completed DNA Sequence
Elizabeth Kutter
13
3
The Identification of Protein Functional Patterns
Temple F. Smith, Richard Lathrop, and Fred E. Cohen
29
4
Comparative Genomics: A New Integrative Biology
Robert J. Robbins
63
5
On Genomes and Cosmologies
Antoine Danchin
91
II
Regulation, Metabolism, and Differentiation: Experimental and Theoretical
Integration
113
6
A Kinetic Formalism for Integrative Molecular Biology: Manifestation in
Biochemical Systems Theory and Use in Elucidating Design Principles for Gene
Circuits
Michael A. Savageau
115
7
Genome Analysis and Global Regulation in Escherichia coli
Frederick C. Neidhardt
147
8
Feedback Loops: The Wheels of Regulatory Networks
Ren¨¦ Thomas
167
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9
Integrative Representations of the Regulation of Gene Expression
Julio Collado-Vides
179
10
Eukaryotic Transcription
Thomas Oehler and Leonard Guarente
205
11
Analysis of Complex Metabolic Pathways
Michael L. Mavrovouniotis
211
12
Where Do Biochemical Pathways Lead?
Jack Cohen and Sean H. Rice
239
13
Gene Circuits and Their Uses
John Reinitz and David H. Sharp
253
14
Fallback Positions and Fossils in Gene Regulation
Boris Magasanik
273
15
The Language of the Genes
Robert C. Berwick
281
Glossary 297
References 303
Contributors 331
Index 335

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology