❞ كتاب Glossary of Molecular Biology Terminology ❝ ⏤ Kenneth Kaushansky

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science
 

نبذه عن الكتاب:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) The polymer constructed
of successive nucleotides linked by phosphodiester
bonds. Some 3 x 109
 nucleotides are contained in the
human haploid genome. During interphase, DNA exists
in a nucleoprotein complex containing roughly equal
amounts of histones and DNA, which interacts with
nuclear matrix proteins. This complex is folded into a
basic structure termed a nucleosome containing approximately 150 base pairs. From this highly ordered structure, DNA replication requires a complex process of
nicking, unfolding, replication, and splicing. In contrast,
gene transcription requires nucleosomal re-organization
such that sites critical for the binding of transcriptional
machinery reside at internucleosomal junctions.
Branched chain DNA (b-DNA) A method that exploits
the formation of branched DNA to provide a sensitive
and specific assay for viral RNA or DNA. The assay is
performed in a microtiter format, in which partially homologous oligodeoxynucleotides bind to target to create a branched DNA. Enzyme-labeled probes are then
bound to the branched DNA, and light output from a
chemiluminescence substrate is directly proportional to
the amount of starting target RNA. Standards provide
quantitation. The assay displays a 4 log dynamic range
of detection, with greater sensitivity to changes in viral
load than RT-PCR-based assays. It has been employed
to quantitate levels of HIV, HCV, and HBV.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology