❞ كتاب MHC Protocols ❝ ⏤ Stephen H. Powis Robert W. Vaughan

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

HLA Informatics
Accessing HLA Sequences from Sequence Databases
James Robinson and Steven G. E. Marsh
1. Introduction
Scientists working in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) field
have access to a number of different informatics resources for the
analysis and interpretation of HLA sequences. Recent advances in
bioinformatics have resulted in an increase in the number of tools
and facilities available for sequence analysis. Researchers can now
utilize these tools to analyze the genomic information within their
own field; in addition, the HLA field also has a number of groups
developing software specifically for this area. Within this chapter,
we will be discussing both the more general tools and the specialist
HLA informatics tools available.
There are a number of different sequence databases available and
the type of database can influence the information retrieved. Databases range from the large international data repositories like the
European Molecular Biology Laboratory Nucleotide Sequence
Database (EMBL), GenBank®, and the DNA Databank of Japan
(DDBJ) through to specialist systems like the ImMunoGeneTics
project IMGT/HLA Database. It is therefore imperative that the user
understands the merits and flaws of the various systems.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology