❞ كتاب Neurotrophin Protocols ❝ ⏤ Robert A. Rush

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science
 

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Localization of Neurotrophin Proteins
Within the Central Nervous System
by Immunohistochemistry
James M. Conner
1. Introduction
Neurotrophins are a family of growth factor proteins sharing a considerable
degree of primary sequence and tertiary structure homology (1–4). Members
of this protein family, including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5),
have been identified as important signals in the developing peripheral nervous
system where they serve as survival-promoting and differentiation factors for
various populations of neurons (5,6). The presence of each of these factors
within the central nervous system (CNS) has also been confirmed (7–12),
although their physiological role in the CNS has yet to be fully elucidated.
Identifying where in the CNS these proteins are made, where they are stored,
how they are transferred from one cell to another, what cells they are transferred to, and their final fate are some key steps toward reaching an understanding of endogenous neurotrophin function. One technique for addressing
many of these issues is immunohistochemistry. The strength of the immunohistochemical approach lies with its ability to precisely define the distribution
of a given protein within a tissue sample obtained under defined experimental
conditions. By manipulating the conditions under which a specimen is collected, it is possible to gain a great deal of insight into the nature by which a
protein interacts within its environment and to obtain clues regarding its functional role in the animal. Nevertheless, the immunohistochemical approach has
distinct limitations that must be considered when interpreting results and drawing conclusions.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology