❞ كتاب Gerald Wiseman-Nutrition and Health ❝ ⏤ Department of Biomedical Science University of Sheffield UK

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

All the energy needed for growth and repair of the body, for muscular activity of
all kinds and for all the work done by cells comes from the metabolism of
carbohydrate, fat, protein and alcohol. The numerous other items of the diet, even
though essential for other reasons, do not provide energy, although many are directly
involved in the chemical reactions which yield energy. If the diet is adequate and
properly balanced the energy normally comes chiefly from carbohydrate and fat,
while most of the protein is used for cell growth and repair. When there is not
enough carbohydrate and fat, the protein is used for energy and is then not available
for other purposes. As dietary protein is generally less abundant than carbohydrate
and fat, and usually more expensive, using protein for energy is comparatively
wasteful. In some communities, however, there may be plentiful protein and it
may then be eaten in sufficient quantity to be used for both cell building and for
energy.
The intake of food is governed in health by the appetite which under ordinary
conditions controls the weight of the body with remarkable precision. Many people
taking only moderate care are able to keep their weight more or less unchanged
over several decades. If they take food in excess by only a small amount, that
excess energy can be disposed of as heat and thereby prevent fat accumulation.
This seems to work very efficiently in some people. It is, however, easy to override the natural controlling mechanism and consume substantially more energy
than is required. When this happens the excess energy is stored in the body as fat.
During ageing there is a fall in the weight of the bones, due to loss of minerals,
plus a fall in the weight of the muscles, hence if the total body weight remains
constant there must be compensatory changes, mainly an increase in the body fat.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology