❞ كتاب The New Avenues in Bioinformatics (Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology) ❝ ⏤ Joseph Seckbach, Eitan Rubin

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

This little book attempts to give a self-contained account of bioinformatics, so that
the newcomer to the field may, whatever his point of departure, gain a rather complete
overview. At the same time it makes no claim to be comprehensive: The field is
already too vast—and let it be remembered that although its recognition as a distinct
discipline (i.e., one after which departments and university chairs are named) is
recent, its roots go back a long time.
Given that many of the newcomers arrive from either biology or informatics, it
was an obvious consideration that for the book to achieve its aim of completeness,
large portions would have to deal with matter already known to those with backgrounds
in either of those two fields; that is, in the particular chapters dealing with
them, the book would provide no information for them. Since such chapters could
hardly be omitted, I have tried to consider such matter in the light of bioinformatics
as a whole, so that even the student ostensibly familiar with it could benefit from a
fresh viewpoint.
In one regard especially, this book cannot be comprehensive. The field is developing
extraordinarily rapidly and it would have been artificial and arbitrary to
take a snapshot of the details of contemporary research. Hence I have tried to focus
on a thorough grounding of concepts, which will enable the student not only to
understand contemporary work but should also serve as a springboard for his or her
own discoveries.Much of the raw material of bioinformatics is open and accessible
to all via the internet, powerful computing facilities are ubiquitous, and we may
be confident that vast tracts of the field lie yet uncultivated. This accessibility extends
to the literature: Research papers on any topic can usually be found rapidly
by an internet search and, therefore, I have not aimed at providing a comprehensive
bibliography.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology