❞ كتاب Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning Pierre Baldi, Søren Brunak-Bioinformatics ❝ ⏤ Thomas Dietterich

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

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Preface
We have been very pleased, beyond our expectations, with the reception of
the first edition of this book. Bioinformatics, however, continues to evolve
very rapidly, hence the need for a new edition. In the past three years, fullgenome sequencing has blossomed with the completion of the sequence of
the fly and the first draft of the Human Genome Project. In addition, several
other high-throughput/combinatorial technologies, such as DNA microarrays
and mass spectrometry, have considerably progressed. Altogether, these highthroughput technologies are capable of rapidly producing terabytes of data
that are too overwhelming for conventional biological approaches. As a result, the need for computer/statistical/machine learning techniques is today
stronger rather than weaker.
Bioinformatics in the Post-genome Era
In all areas of biological and medical research, the role of the computer has
been dramatically enhanced in the last five to ten year period. While the first
wave of computational analysis did focus on sequence analysis, where many
highly important unsolved problems still remain, the current and future needs
will in particular concern sophisticated integration of extremely diverse sets
of data. These novel types of data originate from a variety of experimental
techniques of which many are capable of data production at the levels of entire
cells, organs, organisms, or even populations

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology