❞ كتاب Ethan Cerami-XML for Bioinformatics ❝ ⏤ Ethan Cerami

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Bioinformatics represents a new field of scientific inquiry, devoted to answering questions about
life and using computational resources to answer those questions. A key goal of bioinformatics is
to create database systems and software platforms capable of storing and analyzing large sets of
biological data. To that end, hundreds of biological databases are now available and provide access
to a diverse set of biological data.
Given this diverse set of biological data, the exponential growth of biological data sets, and
the desire to share data for open scientific exchange, the bioinformatics community is continually
exploring new options for data representation, storage, and exchange. In the past few years, many
in the bioinformatics community have turned to XML to address the pressing needs associated
with biological data. XML, or Extensible Markup Language, is a technical specification originally
created for data representation and exchange over the Internet. XML is an open standard, officially
specified by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and deliberately designed to be operating
system and programming language independent.
XML is extensible to many application domains and has been successfully used to represent
multiple types of data, including e-commerce transactions, search engine results, scalable vector
graphics, and even voice recognition and voice synthesis. Since its introduction, XML has also been
successfully used to represent a growing set of biological data, including nucleotide sequences,
genome annotations, protein–protein interactions, and signal transduction pathways. XML also
forms the backbone of biological data exchange, enabling researchers to aggregate data from
multiple heterogeneous data sources

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology