❞ كتاب Kal Sharma-Bioinformatics_ Sequence Alignment and Markov Models-McGraw ❝ ⏤ Kal Renganathan Sharma, Ph.D., P.E.

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

I
was requested by the former controller of examinations at the
University of Madras, India, A. Sivamurthy, to prepare the
curriculum and syllabus for a B.Tech. degree in bioinformatics
at the Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India, in 2001. I was
requested by letter to prepare a project report on a course program
for an M.Tech. degree in bioinformatics by Dr. B. Srinivasan, Vice Chancellor at Sri. Chandrasekharendra Saraswati Viswa Mahavidyalaya
University, Kancheepuram, India, in 2002. The Vice Chancellor at
SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India, R. Sethuraman, chartered me
with the task of writing a book entitled Lecture Notes in Computational
Molecular Biology, to be used for instruction in the newly formed
M.Tech. and B.Tech. bioinformatics programs in 2003.
Since I wrote Lecture Notes in Computational Molecular Biology, a
number of interesting developments in the field of bioinformatics
has come about. The Human Genome Project has been completed
ahead of time. The biologic databases double in size every 10 months,
and the computing speed of microprocessors doubles in speed every
18 months. So a database search that cost $2 today would, two years
from now, quadruple in cost to $8 on account of the explosive growth
of databases and would be cut back in half to $4 on account of the
increase in computing power. There is scope for the development
of data search and data storage algorithms and methods. It can
be viewed as a marriage between information technology and
computational biology. Bioinformatics is emerging as a distinct
discipline of its own. Textbooks need to be neither mathematically
intimidating nor biologically intensive and laborious. Over 560
end-of-chapter exercises are provided in this book. Appendices
with Internet hotlinks to public-domain databases and PERL code
commands are given. This book can be used as a textbook for core
subjects in a bioinformatics undergraduate program and as an elective
for chemical engineering and biotechnology undergraduate and
graduate programs. 

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology