โ ูุชุงุจ Manifesto Russell-Einstein โ โค ุจุฑุชุฑุงูุฏ ุฑุงุณู
The RussellโEinstein Manifesto was issued in London on 9 July 1955 by Bertrand Russell in the midst of the Cold War. It highlighted the dangers posed by nuclear weapons and called for world leaders to seek peaceful resolutions to international conflict. The signatories included eleven pre-eminent intellectuals and scientists, including Albert Einstein, who signed it shortly before his death on 18 April 1955. Shortly after the release, philanthropist Cyrus S. Eaton offered to sponsor a conferenceโcalled for in the manifestoโin Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Eaton's birthplace. The conference, held in July 1957, became the first of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs.
In the tragic situation which confronts humanity, we feel that scientists should assemble in conference to appraise the perils that have arisen as a result of the development of weapons of mass destruction, and to discuss a resolution in the spirit of the appended draft.
We are speaking on this occasion, not as members of this or that nation, continent, or creed, but as human beings, members of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between Communism and anti-Communism.
Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings about one or more of these issues; but we want you, if you can, to set aside such feelings and consider yourselves only as members of a biological species which has had a remarkable history, and whose disappearance none of us can desire.
ุจุฑุชุฑุงูุฏ ุฑุงุณู - ูููุณูู ูุนุงูู
ู
ูุทู ูุฑูุงุถู ูู
ุคุฑุฎ ููุงูุฏ ุงุฌุชู
ุงุนู ุจุฑูุทุงูู. ูู ู
ุฑุงุญู ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ู
ู ุญูุงุชูุ ูุงู ุฑุงุณู ููุจุฑุงููุงู ูุงุดุชุฑุงููุงู ูุฏุงุนูุฉ ุณูุงู
ุ ุฅูุง ุฃูู ุฃูุฑ ุฃูู ูู
ููู ุฃูุงู ู
ู ูุคูุงุก ุจุงูู
ุนูู ุงูุนู
ูู.
ูุนูู ุงูุฑุบู
ู
ู ูุถุงุฆู ู
ุนุธู
ุญูุงุชู ูู ุฅูุฌูุชุฑุงุ ูููุฏ ุฑุงุณู ูู ูููุฒ ูุชููู ุนู ุนู
ุฑ ูุงูุฒ ุงูู 100 ุนุงู
ุง.
โฐ ูู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฅูุฌุงุฒุงุช ูุงูู
ุคููุงุช ุฃุจุฑุฒูุง โ ุญูู
ุฉ ุงูุบุฑุจ โ โ ูู ุงูุชุฑุจูุฉ โ โ ุงูููุฒ ุจุงูุณุนุงุฏุฉ โ โ ุฅูุชุตุงุฑ ุงูุณุนุงุฏุฉ โ โ ุชุงุฑูุฎ ุงูููุณูุฉ ุงูุบุฑุจูุฉ ุงููุชุงุจ ุงูุซุงูุซ ุงูููุณูุฉ ุงูุญุฏูุซุฉ โ โ ุฃุตูู ุงูุฑูุงุถูุงุช ุฌุฒุฆูู โ โ ุจุญูุซ ุบูุฑ ู
ุฃูููุฉ โ โ ุณูุฑุชู ุงูุฐุงุชูุฉ ุฌ1 โ โ ุขุซุฑ ุงูุนูู
ูู ุงูู
ุฌุชู
ุน โ ุงููุงุดุฑูู : โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูู
ุนุงุฑู โ โ ุงูููุฆุฉ ุงูู
ุตุฑูุฉ ุงูุนุงู
ุฉ ูููุชุงุจ โ โ ุงูู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูููู
ู ููุชุฑุฌู
ุฉ โ โ ุงูู
ุฌูุณ ุงููุทูู ููุซูุงูุฉ ูุงููููู ูุงูุขุฏุงุจ โ โ ุงูู
ุฏู ููุฅุนูุงู
ูุงูุซูุงูุฉ ูุงููููู โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูุฑุงูุฏูู ููุทุจุงุนุฉ ูุงููุดุฑ ูุงูุชูุฒูุน โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ู
ูุชุจุฉ ุงูุญูุงุฉ โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูุชูููู ููุชุฃููู ูุงูุชุฑุฌู
ุฉ ูุงููุดุฑ โ โ ุงูู
ุคุณุณุฉ ุงูุฌุงู
ุนูุฉ ููุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู ุงููุดุฑ ู ุงูุชูุฒูุน โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุขูุงู ูููุดุฑ ูุงูุชูุฒูุน โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูุฃู
ูุฑ ูููุดุฑ ูุงูุชูุฒูุน ูุงูุชุฑุฌู
ุฉ โ โฑ
ู
ู ุงูููุฑ ูุงูููุณูุฉ - ู
ูุชุจุฉ ุงูู
ูุชุจุฉ ุงูุชุฌุฑูุจูุฉ.