❞ كتاب BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE UTERUS OF COWS WITH FOETAL MEMBRANE RETAINED ❝

BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE UTERUS OF COWS WITH FOETAL MEMBRANE RETAINED

BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE UTERUS OF COWS WITH FOETAL MEMBRANE RETAINED من كتب طب بيطرى

WITH FOETAL MEMBRANE RETAINED
MICHAŁKACZMAROWSKI,EDWARDMALINOWSKI
AND
HANNAMARKIEWICZ
DepartmentofPathophysiologyofReproductionandM
ammaryGland,
NationalVeterinaryResearchInstitute,
58*090Bydgoszcz,Poland
e*mail:vetri@logonet.com.pl
Received for publication September 24, 2003.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to define the species of
microorganisms isolated from the uterus of healthy cows
(control group) and cows affected with foetal membrane
retained(FMR)beforeandafteranexperimentaltherapyw
ith
the use of an immunomodulator and antibiotics versus
commonlyusedmethods(antibiotic+ß*blockerorantibiotic+
PGF2
α
). The examinations were carried out on three farms
with similar system of rearing and nutrition on 95 cows with
FMR. The control group consisted of 21 cows without
postpartumdisturbances.Smearsfromtheuterusweretakena
t
0 and the 21
st
 d of observation. Most frequently
Escherichia
coli
 and other species of
Enterobacteriaceae
 family were
isolated.Thesespecieswerestatedin67.4%ofsickcowsa
nd
in 47.6% of healthy cows. The degree of
Arcanobacterium
pyogenes
 infection was almost identical in healthy and sick
cows (8.4 and 9.5% respectively).
Streptococcus
sp. was
isolated from 15.8% of FMR cows and from 19% of control
ones. Staphylococci were isolated from 12.6% of FMR and
from 9.5% of control cows. Other bacteria species were
isolated from less than 10% of the examined cows. The best
eliminationofinfections(65%)wasnotedincowstreatedwith
intrauterinary inlocations of antibiotics (neomycin and
ampicillin) combined with the lysozyme dimer i.m. injection
.
Theworstresultswerenotedasaneffectofinlocationofthes
e
antibiotics only and antibiotics combined with ß*blocker
(40%). The species of bacteria in the uterus were similar
 in
healthyandsickcows.However,on21
st
dayaftertreatment
A.
pyogenes
wasisolatedonlyfromtheuterusofthesickanimals.
This pathogen was identified in 10 cows (83.3%) from 12
eliminatedbecauseofinfertility.
Key words
:
cows,retainedplacenta,bacteria.
Foetal membrane retained (FMR) is often the
consequence of abortions or premature parturitions,
immunologicalandhormonaldisturbances,atonyoft
he
uterus, and  some septic diseases as brucellosis,
infectious
rhinotracheitis,
campylobacteriosis,
trichomonadosis (1, 10, 28), neosporosis (12),
leptospirosis, mycoplasmosis (19, 24) and yeast
infection(6).Atpresentonlyneosporosisconstitu
tesan
importantproblem,especiallyrelatedtoabortion(
8,14).
Thedecreaseinlocalimmunity,opencervixof
the uterus, presence of afterbirth in the uterus an
d
manual treatment are the main cause of complication
s
and growth of pathogenic and opportunistic
microorganisms. Infections are caused mostly by
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
 and anaerobes, like
Fusobacterium necrophorum

and
Bacterioides
melaninogenicus
(5,10,20, 21).These pathogens show
synergic activity.
Fus. necrophorum
 produces a toxin
which decreases phagocyte cell activity.
Bac .
melaninogenicus
 and
Bac. fragilis
 produce a substance
decreasing also phagocyte cell activity.
A. pyogenes
secretes a growth factor for
Fus. necrophorum
 (4, 20).
The toxins of certain strains of
E. coli
 and
A. pyogenes
decrease phagocytic activity of leukocytes (29).
Neutrophil function is a determining factor for the
development of FMR in dairy cattle. Also, depressed
production of Il*8 may be a factor affecting neutro
phil
functionincowsdevelopingFMR(13,27).
Manual help during parturition and manual
treatment of FMR are often the cause of damage in
uterine mucous membrane. This damage can be also a
result of intrauterine inlocation of irritating dru
gs and
disinfectant fluids. These substances lead to necro
tic
changes of the epithelium of mucous membrane and
decrease the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Th
e
fluid which contains fragments of afterbirth and
afterbirth fluid is a very good nutrient medium for
bacteria(22,25).
The development of
metritis ichorosa
 with
heavy, toxic systemic symptoms can be the effect of
infectionoflochialfluidandfoetalmembranes.An
other
consequence of FMR is purulent metritis and then
chronicendometritis(2,16,23).
The aim of the study was to define the species
of microorganisms present in the uterus of healthy
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