n add
ition
to extensive ob
servations of
pilgrim
s durin
g s
easons
of
.!:iajj
, a  pilot
study wa
s co
n­
ducted,
It sh
ows
that more than  tw
o-thirds of
tho
se
wh
o performed
.!:iajj
ritual
s for
the first
tim
e
coul
d n
ot
perform
them c
orrectly. The
representa tive
sample
sho
we
d that
a mong the m
ain
reasons
for
makin
g errors
are the lack o
f
corre
ct k
nowledge, l
ack o
f w
ell-d
esiqned
books
, a nd
unfa miliarity with
places and
ritual
ter
ms
.
Thu
s,  the o
nce-in-c-lifetime w
orship is
highly
vulnera
ble
, That i
s, the ma
jority of
pilgrim
s
ca nnot
get
it
correctly the
fi
rst time. Th
is  vital
reason
wa
s a
dequa te t
o mot
ivate
me to de
velop
a book
that
is designed
mainl
y to help
them p
erform
thi
s import
ant
obligation
in
a s
tep-by-step
appro
ach,
That
is wh
y it i
s titl
ed "
.!:ia
jj
&
'Umrah
fro
m A t
o Z
."
As
an  instru
ctional
designer, I
had
to stud
y the p
robl
em ca
refully and  make
a  needs
assess­
ment
in orde
r to come up with
a form
that
may
better
help
Mu
slims ge
t thei
r rituals
correctly
,
I had
to g
o through
an
enormous numb
er of b
ooks
about
.!:iajj
and
study the
m carefully
,
The r   esult i
s a
n illu
strated
manual-like
book
that  i
ncludes
cha rts, d
iagrams
and  photograph
s that
will
sys
tematically quide an
y Mu
slim
to achieve
the
.!:iaj
j w
ithout,
God
willing,
making
any err
o
r.
Another purpo
se o
f thi
s book
is to all
eviate
the ten
sion, a
nxiety
, and
fea r
of some p
ilgrims
who
have
preconceived
ide
as a
bout the
diffi
culties
that w
ill fa
ce
them
in pe
rforming
.!:iaj
j, Th
is book
is
intend
ed
to mak
e a
ll steps
easy
a nd
smooth, an
d to h
andle
most
of th
e erro
rs  before
they oc
c
ur,
thu
s alleviating
thi
s an
xiety
by warning
the pilg
rims o
f what m
ay
happen
long
before
it d
oes
, All
a  p
ilgrim
needs
is to read car
efully
and
foll
ow
the s
teps
very a
ccurately a
nd, b
y the
gra
ce
of Allah
,
he/she
will
perform a s
mooth
,
correc
t
.!:i
a
jj,
Th
e meth
odolo
gy
I f
ollow
ed i
n thi
s book i
s t  o trac
e the S
unna h of P
rophet
Muh
ammad (
peace
be upon him) a
s i  llustrated b
y the fa
mous H
adith
colle
cted
by
Imam Mu
slim
and
others
of
"The
Farewell
.!:iaji
of the
Prophet"
(pbuh)
.
By doing
that  I ha
ve
kept thi
s book f
ar
from the
diff
erences
between
the v
arious s
chools o
f th
ought kno
wn a
s Madhah
ib.
I w
ould a
lso lik
e t   o remind the r
eader
that  th
e book
is designed
to illu
strate
the
.!:ia
jj Tamattu
'
,
as
it include
s all th
e s
teps r
equired
in th
e o
ther tw
o typ
es  of
.!:iajj
- Q
iran a
nd l
frcd
.
!
have
also
made
a chart that
illus
trates th
e s
imilarities
a nd
differen
ces b
etween th
e thr
ee
typ
es o
f
.!:i
ajj an
d
have titled it
"qui  ck
referen
ce,"
Th
e i   ntended
readers o
f t  his b
ook
include all
Engli
sh-speaking
Mu
slims w
ho are read
y to
perform
.!:iaj
j r  egard
less
of a
ge, e
ducation
or g
ende
r.
Thus the bo
ok
is des
igned lik
e a  manual  to
help bro
thers
a nd
sisters ma
ke
the pre
scrib
ed r
ituals c
orrectly
,
Finall
y,   I wo
uld li
ke
to thank
all th
ose
wh
o s
upported me in w
riting
, editing,
and
revising
this
book  , particularly
those
wh
o k
indly and  pati
ently
reviewed
the I
slamic co
ntents man
y times
and
those w
ho pro
vided
me with p
ictures

 Hajj & Umrah from A to Z: a careful scientific approach that gradually guides pilgrims to perform the Hajj rituals very easily and smoothly. The design was developed through an educational perspective that handles all critical issues of Hajj rituals from a learners’ viewpoint, an approach that is always needed when high standards of accuracy are required.