Muhammad has become a target for Islam's long-established adversaries and their
armies of missionaries and orientalists who have aroused suspicions and propagated
allegations against the Prophet of Islam and his Message. Their objective has always
been to distort the image of the Prophet of Islam in the eyes of those who do not know
him and consequently drive them away from studying Islam and contemplating it in a
desperate attempt to lay obstacles in the path of Islam's mission so as to impede its vital
role in guiding humanity.

Many Muslim scholars have written to defend the Prophet since doing so is an honor
and a duty for them. However, such efforts have been made either incidentally in answer
to orientalists and missionaries, or in the course of speaking about the evidence of
prophethood in Islam. Furthermore, most of the writings were done by non-specialists,
although the nature of the topic requires the knowledge of a number of aspects of
Islamic philosophy, the history of religions, and western thought. All this made the
present study an obligation dictated by the imperious need to introduce Islam as the
only cultural alternative that is capable of convincing today's civilized man.

So, Was Muhammd a prophet or an imposter?
Did Moses really tell of his coming?
Did Jesus order future generations to follow him?
Does the bible describe him and his message?

All these are questions that the author is going to give answers in this book.

The Evidence of Prophethood
The scholars have compiled many books about the evidence of prophethood and
mentioned a lot of miracles and evidences including, the Prophet's call for Islamic
Monotheism, the signs shown by him and witnessed by his Companions, telling about
the unseen that came true during his life, the prophecies about events that came true
after his death, his Holy Book etc.

The Holy Qur'an
The Holy Qur'an is the greatest verification of the prophethood of Muhammad. It is the
strongest proof and most specific sign for four reasons that had never come together in
any other miracle or evidence of prophethood in the history of religion and humanity.
First of all, it contains the claimed Revelation and the miraculous proof of the
prophethood.

The miracles of the former Prophets overpowered certain classes like the magicians at
the time of Moses and the doctors at the time of Jesus. However the Holy Qur'an
overpowered a whole nation including eloquent orators, poets and all. The miracle is
also sent to each people according to their capacity of understanding. The miracles sent
to the Children of Israel addressed their senses only, because they were known to be
uncultured and uneducated. There is nothing recorded in history about a famous
philosophy or a renowned literary work from them. However the Qur'an was sent to the
most eloquent people who had produced remarkable literary works, and that is why they
were sent a miracle suitable to their understanding and which they would know by their
natural astuteness. Lastly the miracle of the Qur'an is eternal and more apt to spread
world wide and that is why it is a strong proof and more truthful.

The Qur'an proves the prophethood of Muhammad with certainty in two ways:
1. As a whole
The Arabs and non-Arabs failed to answer the Prophet's challenge to contradict the
Qur'an or produce a similar work. That challenge took a regressive form rather that a
progressive one in order to show sarcasm and prove that what they had been asked to
do was beyond their reach. The challenge started by asking them to produce a book
similar to the whole Qur'an.
Say, "If the mankind and the jinn were to come together to produce the like of this
Qur'an, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another.")
(Qur'an 17:88)
Since that challenge is obvious and known with certainty, and then it proves that the
Qur'an is clear evidence of prophethood.
2. The Details
The second way the Qur'an proves the prophethood is through studying and learning
about it. This is possible only for those who can study and understand the Qur'an. Such
a study reveals many aspects of the miracles of the Qur'an that cover all the branches of
human knowledge. Those aspects can be summarised:

The miracles of eloquence and style
First of all, the Qur'an is a miracle of eloquence and style. This includes the eloquence of
the Qur'an's expressions in two aspects: purity of language and impressiveness. There is
also the eloquence of the Qur'an in regards to meaning and this is obvious in different
three aspects. In the fist, the meaning is clear from the word itself.
Second, the wording gives the exact meaning. Any addition or any omission would
reduce the eloquence and not serve the meaning.
It expresses in an imaginary image the mental meaning, the psychological state, the
tangible incident, the visible spectacle, the human model and man's nature. Then that
image is promoted and given life or renewable movement, thus the mental meaning
becomes a movement, the psychological state becomes a spectacle, the human model
becomes a living person and man's nature becomes visible. The listener forgets that he

listens to a recital and imagines himself in front of the spectacle that is being
presented or an incident taking place in front of one's eyes. The miraculous aspect of the
artistical imagery in the Qur'an is that its instrument is the inanimate word and not the
expressive persons, the colours or the accompanying music.

Historical events

The Qur'an also is a miracle of information. A study of the Qur'an reveals that the
Qur'an narrates in extremely precise detail the stories of the former nations and their
stands vis-a-vis their Prophets. It also mentions the biographies of these Prophets and
the reactions of their nations. This information was not mentioned in the Bible and
includes the stories of Hood, Salih and Shu'ayb (peace be upon them). Some of the
stories may have been mentioned in the Bible in brief, but then they are shown in the
Qur'an in full detail. The Qur'an also reveals information about the unseen. It gives
details about the creation of the universe, Adam, the angels, and the jinn devils. It also
describes the Hereafter, recompense, reward and punishment, Paradise and Hell, bliss
and torment in a way that has no other Holy Book has.

The Qur'an also gives certain prophecies. It told of events of the unseen that have come
true just as mentioned in the Qur'an among several examples. Al

The miracle of legislation

The Qur'anic legislation is miraculous in that it is an easy one that is compatible with the
human natural disposition and is a general balance of human life valid for every time and
every place. That makes the Qur'an also a proof that the prophethood of Muhammad is
the last one. The miracle of legislation in the Qur'an is based on moderation. The
Christians say that Moses came with justice and Jesus came with clemency, but the
legislation of the Qur'an is midway between the two: it enjoins justice and encourages
forgiveness.

The scientific miracle

The scientific miracle of the Qur'an suits the nature of our time which is characterised
by scientific achievement to such an extent that science has now become one of the
strongest pillars of survival and the most effective weapon in today's struggle. The
subjects of the Qur'an's scientific miracle include astronomy, medicine, geology, botany,
zoology, biology, economics, commerce, history, civilisation, maritime studies and more.
It is now confirmed that "the Qur'an does not contain any statement that can be
scientifically criticised today" according to the witness of Maurice Bucaille who is the
author of The Qur 'an, Bible and Science. Another author states, "Muhammad has
left for the world a Book which is the sign of eloquence and the record of morals. A
Holy Book in which there is no contradiction with contemporary scientific discoveries
and natural rules. There is no recent scientific fact that contradicts the basis of Islam.
Coherence between the teachings of the Holy Qur'an and the natural laws is complete."
(Ahmed Izzet, Religion and Science, p. 24) In his encyclopaedia The Grand
Religions, the religious historian Ninion Smart says that Islam and science support
each other and that there is no contradiction between the two.

The creation of the universe
In the Qur'an there is not one successive narration about the creation of the world, but
various aspects of this process are discussed on different occasions according to the
following information.
a) The stages of creation
b) The method of creation
c) The nature of creation

Astronomy
b) The nature of the celestial bodies
c) The movement of the sun and the moon

d) The positions of the stars:

The earth
a) Water and sea circulation
b) Earth topography
c) Mineral wealth
d) The atmospheric layers
The creation of man
a) Fertilization with a very small quantity of fluid
b) The nature of the fertilizing fluid
c) The ovum settles in the womb
d) The development of the embryo

The Second Theme: The Miracles
The miracles of the Prophet Muhammad are subject to the attacks of disbelievers. These
attacks follow two trends. The first is that a number of these miracles (those similar to
the miracles of former Prophets) was taken by Muslims from the Holy Bible and
attributed to Muhammad either as they were or with some modification. It is beyond
question that this is contradictory to the date of the translation of the Holy Bible into
Arabic. The Religions' Encyclopaedia confirms that the oldest Arabic translation of
the Bible had appeared in the tenth century. G. Graf mentions in his History of the
Christian Arabic Literature that the oldest text of the Holy Bible translated into
Arabic dates back to the eleventh century.

Also it has to be taken into account that the Prophet's Sunnah (traditions, legal ways)
has been written and methodologically classified since the middle of the eighth century.
This can be found in the books of scholars like 'Abdul Raziq (211 H), 'Abdullah ibn al-

Mubarak (181 H), Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah (197 H), Sufyan ath- Thawri (161 H), Wakee'
ibn al-Jarrah (197 H) and others.

The second criticism is that these miracles are superstitions, legends, and lies created by
the Muslims as a result of the domination of illusion and imagination that emanated
from the desire to interpret the universe from their minds in the absence of religion.
There is no doubt that this invective is clear evidence of the ignorance of the person
responsible in regards to the nature of Islam in general, and the means of receiving the
news and collecting them, in particular. The most important of Islam's characteristics is
that all its facts and faiths are received from Allah through revelation.

In regards to how the Muslims received and collected the information, an
unprecedented method of precision and verification was followed; particularly those
relating to the Qur'an and the Sunnah. The Muslims still know very well all the Qur'an
and Sunnah told by the Prophet, the person who heard them, the occasion, the
followers who heard the Prophet's companions narrating that, those who received the
news and information from the followers, and the degrees of precision and honesty in
translation. The miracles told by the Muslims as evidence of the prophethood of
Muhammad were transmitted by a large number of reliable Muslims and recorded in the
books of the scholars of the various schools in verified transmitted information that
leads to certainty.

1. The miracles of the Qur'an

The miracles of the Qur'an have a great value not only as an evidence of prophethood
but also as a necessary answer to the people of the scripture who allege that there is
nothing miraculous in the Qur'an that supports the prophethood of Muhammad.. There
are actually two kinds of miracles in the Qur'an. First there are certain miraculous
events including but not limited to:

The splitting of the moon; this was one of the greatest astronomical miracles.
The people of Makkah requested the Prophet show them a miracle, and so he showed
them the splitting of the moon. This sign in particular was subjected to great criticism.
The deniers of this sign said that it could not happen and that had it taken place, the
whole universe would have seen it. However, this criticism can be answered by the
following points.

1.The splitting of the moon took place on a cold night and normally the people sleep at
this time, so it is very rare to have some people awake to look into the sky without any
objective. Just like an eclipse, it may have happened without being noticed by many
people.
2.The event did not last long enough to allow those who saw it to wake up other people
to see it too.
3.It was not an expected event which would be waited for by the people of the entire
world. Some of those who saw the event attributed it to magic.
4.The event was seen by people outside of the Arabian Peninsula. In India it was
recorded in the books of historians.
5.Many regions in the world could have been prevented from seeing the splitting of the
moon by heavy clouds.

6.It is normal that such events can be witnessed by the people in some regions, but not
by the entire world. Due to the difference in time, it may be late night in one region
whereas it is still daylight in another region.
7.The number of those who saw the splitting of the moon outside the Arabian
Peninsula might not be sufficient for historians to accept as a reliable source and so that
event might have been considered a kind of eclipse.
8.If any of the disbelievers in Muhammad saw that event and were certain that it was
evidence supporting Muhammad's prophethood, he would not report it to others. On
the contrary, he would do his best to conceal it.

Another significant event described in the Qur'an is the Night Journey and the
Ascension to the heavens. Allah says:
The Prophet made a night journey from Makkah to Jerusalem in one night and that
normally used to take one month on a camel's back. When the people belied him and
asked him to show evidence, he proved it with the following points. He gave them an
accurate description of Jerusalem though he had not seen it before that night. Then he
told them detailed information about one of their trade caravans which was on the way
back to Makkah. He said exactly where it was, how the people were and when it was
expected to arrive in Makkah. When the caravan came, all the information told by the
prophet proved to be true.

The third event that was mentioned was a challenge to the Jews to long for death. The
Jews were very keen to contradict Muhammad and state that it was they who were on
the right path and who would be rewarded in the Hereafter. However, they showed fear
and no longing for death in order to receive the reward that they claimed they were
promised as the Children of Israel. Allah says:

({Say [O' Muhammad], "O' you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to
the exclusion of [all] other mankind, then long for death if you are truthful." But they
will never long for it [death], because of what [deeds] their hands have sent before them!
And Allah knows well the Dhdlimeen [polytheists, wrong-doers disbelievers].)
(Qur'an 62:6-7)

Fourth Qur'an promised the Prophet that Allah is a Sufficient Protector for him against

the scoffers of his message. Five of the chiefs of Quraysh used to harm the Prophet; al-
Waleed ibn al-Mugeerah, al-Aswad ibn al-Muttalib, al-Aswad ibn Abd Yaghooth, al-'As

ibn Wa'il and al-Harith ibn al-Talatilah. Allah says:

 Muhammad has become a target for Islam’s longestablished adversaries and their armies of missionaries and orientalists who have aroused suspicions and propagated allegations against the Prophet of Islam and his Message. Their objective has always been to distort the image of the Prophet of Islam in the eyes of those who do not know him and consequently drive them away from studying Islam and contemplating it in a desperate attempt to lay obstacles in the path of Islam’s mission so as to impede its vital role in guiding humanity.