โž ๐Ÿ“š ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ | ๐Ÿ› ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง โ

โž ๐Ÿ“š ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ | ๐Ÿ› ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง โ

ูƒุชุจ ู…ู† ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู„ู€ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ .. ูŠู‡ุชู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ูƒูู†ูŠูŠู† ุจู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ู…ุซู„ (ูู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก - ูู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ) ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ุงู„ูู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุงูŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ูˆุนุฏู… ุฎู„ูˆ ุงูŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ู…. This section is concerned with the field of workers as technicians in various fields such as (electrical technician - mechanic technician) and other technicians in jobs related to the engineering field due to the great role that the technician provides in implementing any engineering project and not including any project from them. .
ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู† ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ PDF ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ PDF ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฏู…ุดู‚ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุŒ ู…ุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุŒ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุฌุงู†ุง ุŒ ูƒุชุจ ู…ุนุฌู… ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆุฑ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง ุŒ ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ engineering ุŒ engineering PDF ebooks ุŒ Electrical engineering ุŒ Chemical Engineering ุŒ Technology engineering ุŒ ..
  1. ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
  2. ENGINEERING
  3. ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
  4. ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุดุงู…ู„ุฉ
  5. ูƒุชุจ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
  6. ุนุฑุถ ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ
ู…ู†ุตู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ
( ุงู„ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ู…ูุชูˆุญ )

๐Ÿ† ๐Ÿ’ช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ :

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑ PDF

ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑ PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ PDF

ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ุฏ ุณูƒูŠุจ PDF

ุงู„ู„ุงู†ุฏ ุณูƒูŠุจ PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ุฏ ุณูƒูŠุจ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ 1000 ุณุคุงู„ ูู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠู‡ - ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„ PDF

1000 ุณุคุงู„ ูู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠู‡ - ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„ PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ 1000 ุณุคุงู„ ูู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠู‡ - ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงูˆู„ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎูˆู ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงุก PDF

ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎูˆู ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงุก PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎูˆู ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌุงุก PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ PDF

ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุง ุงู†ุชุงุฌ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู†ุดุงุกุงุช ุฏ. ุนุงุทู ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ู‰ PDF

ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู†ุดุงุกุงุช ุฏ. ุนุงุทู ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ู‰ PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู†ุดุงุกุงุช ุฏ. ุนุงุทู ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ู‰ PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ

๐Ÿ“š ุนุฑุถ ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ :


ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู†ุงโ€Ž
ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Electric Induction Phenomena PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Electric Induction Phenomena PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Electric Induction Phenomena PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Magnetic Induction Phenomena PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Magnetic Induction Phenomena PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Magnetic Induction Phenomena PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Slow Timeโ€Varying Fields PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Slow Timeโ€Varying Fields PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Slow Timeโ€Varying Fields PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Stationary Currents PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Stationary Currents PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Stationary Currents PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Stationary Field Phenomena PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Stationary Field Phenomena PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Stationary Field Phenomena PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Basic Field Vectors PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Basic Field Vectors PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Basic Field Vectors PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: A Brief Overview PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: A Brief Overview PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: A Brief Overview PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Elements of Fourier Analysis PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Elements of Fourier Analysis PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Elements of Fourier Analysis PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Elements of Complex Algebra&Lorentz Transformation PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Elements of Complex Algebra&Lorentz Transformation PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Elements of Complex Algebra&Lorentz Transformation PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Front Matter PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Front Matter PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Front Matter PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Formulas from Vector Analysis PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Formulas from Vector Analysis PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Formulas from Vector Analysis PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Bibliography&Index PDF

Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Bibliography&Index PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Electromagnetic Foundations of Electrical Engineering: Bibliography&Index PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Construction Adjudication: Appendix 14: Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) Rules for Adjudication PDF

Construction Adjudication: Appendix 14: Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) Rules for Adjudication PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Construction Adjudication: Appendix 14: Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) Rules for Adjudication PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Construction Adjudication: Appendix 13: Technology and Construction Solicitors' Association (TecSA) Adjudication Rules PDF

Construction Adjudication: Appendix 13: Technology and Construction Solicitors' Association (TecSA) Adjudication Rules PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Construction Adjudication: Appendix 13: Technology and Construction Solicitors' Association (TecSA) Adjudication Rules PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Construction Adjudication: Appendix 12: GC/Works/1 with Quantities PDF

Construction Adjudication: Appendix 12: GC/Works/1 with Quantities PDF

ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ูƒุชุงุจ Construction Adjudication: Appendix 12: GC/Works/1 with Quantities PDF ู…ุฌุงู†ุง

ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ โ—โ—โ—

ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุงุช ูˆุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุตูุญุฉ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ :
ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ุง , ูƒุชุจ ุงุญู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ูƒุชุจ ุญู…ู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ุง , ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠ , ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ูƒุชุจ ุญุตุฑูŠู‹ุง ู„ู„ู€ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ุง , ูƒุชุจ ู…ู† ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ู€ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ูƒุชุจ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ู„ู€ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ูƒุชุจ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุถุฎู… ู„ู€ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ูƒุชุจ ุงูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†ุชุฏู‰ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ , ูƒุชุจ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ Free Download , ูƒุชุจ ุงุณุฑุน ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ