❞ رواية The Betrothed ❝ ⏤ Alessandro Manzoni

هذا القسم يحتوي علي العديد من القصص والروايات باللغة الإنجليزية

(Stories and novels) القصص والروايات
الرواية هي سرد نثري طويل يصف شخصيات خيالية أو واقعية وأحداثاً على شكل قصة متسلسلة، كما أنها أكبر الأجناس القصصية من حيث الحجم وتعدد الشخصيات وتنوع الأحداث، وقد ظهرت في أوروبا بوصفها جنساً أدبياً مؤثراً في القرن الثامن عشر، والرواية حكاية تعتمد السرد بما فيه من وصف وحوار وصراع بين الشخصيات وما ينطوي عليه ذلك من تأزم وجدل وتغذيه الأحداث
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which is typically published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the Italian novella for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself from the Latin novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning "new". Walter Scott made a distinction between the novel, in which (as he saw it) "events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society" and the romance, which he defined as "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents". However, many such romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a "kindred term". This sort of romance is in turn different from the genre fiction love romance or romance novel
A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a "single effect" or mood.

A dictionary definition is "an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot."

The short story is a crafted form in its own right. Short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components as in a novel, but typically to a lesser degree. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel or novella (a shorter novel), authors generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques.

The Betrothed    

That branch of the Lake of Como, which turns toward the south between
two unbroken chains of mountains, presenting to the eye a succession of bays
and gulfs, formed by their jutting and retiring ridges, suddenly contracts itself
between a headland to the right and an extended sloping bank on the left, and
assumes the flow and appearance of a river. The bridge by which the two
shores are here united, appears to render the transformation more apparent,
and marks the point at which the lake ceases, and the Adda recommences, to
resume, however, the name of Lake where the again receding banks allow the
water to expand itself anew into bays and gulfs. The bank, formed by the
deposit of three large mountain streams, descends from the bases of two
contiguous mountains, the one called St. Martin, the other by a Lombard
name, Resegone, from its long line of summits, which in truth give it the
appearance of a saw; so that there is no one who would not at first sight,
especially viewing it in front, from the ramparts of Milan that face the north, at
once distinguish it in all that extensive range from other mountains of less
name and more ordinary form. The bank, for a considerable distance, rises
with a gentle and continual ascent, then breaks into hills and hollows, rugged
or level land, according to the formation of the mountain rocks, and the action
of the floods. Its extreme border, intersected by the mountain torrents, is
composed almost entirely of sand and pebbles; the other parts of fields and
vineyards, scattered farms, country seats, and villages, with here and there a
wood which extends up the mountain side. Lecco, the largest of these villages,
and which gives its name to the district, is situated at no great distance from
the bridge, upon the margin of the lake; nay, often, at the rising of the waters,
is partly embosomed within the lake itself; a large town at the present day, and
likely soon to become a city. At the period of our story, this village was also
fortified, and consequently had the honour to furnish quarters to a governor,
and the advantage of possessing a permanent garrison of Spanish soldiers, who
gave lessons in modesty to the wives and daughters of the neighbourhood, and
toward the close of summer never failed to scatter themselves through the
vineyards, in order to thin the grapes, and lighten for the rustics the labours of
the vintage. From village to village, from the heights down to the margin of
the lake, there are innumerable roads and paths: these vary in their character;
at times precipitous, at others level; now sunk and buried between two ivyclad walls, from whose depth you can behold nothing but the sky, or some
lofty mountain peak; then crossing high and level tracts, around the edges of
which they sometimes wind, occasionally projecting beyond the face of the
mountain, supported by prominent masses resembling bastions, whence the
eye wanders over the most varied and delicious landscape.
 

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