❞ كتاب كلمات متشابة فى النطق ومعانيها Spelling, Vocabulary, and Confusing Words ❝ ⏤ السيد المعداوى

التهجئة ، والمفردات ، والكلمات المربكة
نظرًا لأن العديد من الكلمات في اللغة الإنجليزية
تبدو متشابهة أو متشابهة ، مما يتسبب في حدوث ارتباك في كثير من الأحيان ،
ستكون هذه القائمة مفيدة للغاية.
أ مقابل قاعدة. استخدم a عندما يكون
الحرف الأول من الكلمة
التالية له صوت
ساكن. نضع في اعتبارنا
أن بعض حروف العلة الصوت
مثل الحروف الساكنة عندما
انهم بدا بها باعتبارها
رسائل فردية.
أمثلة:
• إصبع
• فندق
• انعطاف U (يتم نطقه
أنت)
• برنامج HUD
• قاعدة دراسة ناسا
. استخدام و عندما
first letter of the word
following has the sound of
a vowel. Remember that
some consonants sound
like vowels when they’re
spoken as individual
السيد المعداوى
2السيد المعداوى
letters.
Examples:
• an FBI case (F is
pronounced ef here)
• an honor (H is silent
here)
• an unusual idea
• an HMO plan (H is
pronounced aitch
here)
• an NAACP convention
(N is pronounced en
here)
Deciding whether to use a
or an before abbreviations
can be tricky. The
abbreviation for
Frequently Asked
Questions (FAQ) causes
confusion because it can
be pronounced as a word
(fak), or one letter at a
time (F-A-Q). Using the
guidelines above, one
would say a FAQ when it
is pronounced as one
word, and an FAQ when it
is pronounced one letter
at a time.
accept
except
to agree; to receive
but, with the exception
that
السيد المعداوى
3السيد المعداوى
ad
add
advertisement
to perform addition
ades
aides
AIDS
aids
fruit drinks
people who help;
assistants
acronym for Acquired
Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
helps, assists
adverse
averse
unfortunate; strongly
opposed (refers to things,
not people)
Examples: an adverse
reaction to the medication
adverse weather
conditions
having repugnance (refers
to people)
Example: He is averse to a
military draft.
advice
(noun)
advise
(verb)
recommendation
the act of giving a
recommendation
affect vs.
effect
Rule 1. Use effect when
you mean bring about or
brought about, cause or
caused.
Example: He effected a
commotion in the crowd.
Meaning: He caused a
السيد المعداوى
4السيد المعداوى
commotion in the crowd.
Rule 2. Use effect when
you mean result.
Example: What effect did
that speech have?
Rule 3. Also use effect
whenever any of these
words precede it: a, an,
any, the, take, into, no.
These words may be
separated from effect by
an adjective.
Examples: That book had
a long-lasting effect on
my thinking.
Has the
medicine produced any
noticeable effects?
Rule 4. Use the verb affect
when you mean to
influence rather than to
cause.
Example: How do the
budget cuts affect your
staffing?
Rule 5. Affect is used as a
noun to mean emotional
expression.
Example: She showed
little affect when told she
had won the lottery.
السيد المعداوى
5السيد المعداوى
ail
ale
to be ill; to cause pain or
distress
malt beverage more bitter
than beer
air
err
heir
what we breathe
make a mistake
one who inherits
something
aisle
I’ll
isle
passageway
contraction for I will
a small island
all
awl
entire, everything
a tool
allot
a lot
to parcel out
always two words
meaning many
allowed
aloud
gave permission to
said out loud; spoken
all ready
already
means all are ready
Example: We are all ready
to go.
refers to time
Example: Is it summer
already?
all together
altogether
refers to a group; all of us
or all of them together
Example: It is wonderful
to be all together to
celebrate your birthday.
entirely
السيد المعداوى
6السيد المعداوى
Example: It is not
altogether his fault.
altar
alter
pedestal, usually religious
Example: They exchanged
wedding vows at the altar
of the church.
to modify
Example: Please don't
alter your plans until we
have the final schedule
approved.
allude
elude
illude
to refer indirectly
Example: He alluded to his
past as a spy.
avoid capture
Example: The fugitive
eluded the police for a
month.
mislead
Example: He illuded her
about his age.
allusion
illusion
an indirect mention of
something
false perception
ambiguous
ambivalent
to have more than one
meaning
Example: The law was
ambiguous.
to have mixed feelings
Example: She is
ambivalent about her
wedding dress.
السيد المعداوى
7السيد المعداوى
amicable
amiable
friendly (refers to things,
not people)
friendly (refers to people)
Example: The amiable
couple had an amicable
divorce.
among
between
involves three or more
Example: Who among us
has not lied?
involves just two
Example: She couldn’t
decide between Chinese
and Thai food.
amount
number
used for things not
countable
Example: We couldn't
handle that amount of ill
will.
used for things that can
be counted
Example: The number of
accidents increased by ten
percent.
ant
aunt
a bug
the sister of a parent
ante
auntie
a bet placed before
playing
affectionate term for a
parent’s sister
anxious to have anxiety or worry
Example: She is anxious
السيد المعداوى
8السيد المعداوى
eager about taking the test.
excited
Example: She is eager to
get a puppy.
any more
anymore
something additional or
further
Example: It didn’t rain any
more this year than last
year.
any longer, nowadays
Example: Harry doesn’t
travel anymore.
appraise
apprise
to put a value on
something
to notify
arc
ark
arch, crescent, half moon
a vessel or a refuge
ascent
(noun)
assent (noun
or verb)
consent
movement upward
enthusiastic agreement;
to agree
agreement
assistance
(noun)
assistants
(noun)
help
people who help
assumption
presumption
an idea not based on
evidence
an idea based on evidence
assure to promise or say with
السيد المعداوى
9السيد المعداوى
ensure
insure
confidence
to make sure something
will/won't happen
to issue an insurance
policy
ate
eight
past tense of eat
the number after seven
aural
oral
having to do with hearing
having to do with the
mouth
averse (see adverse)
awed
odd
in a state of amazement
unusual; opposite of even
when referring to
numbers
aye
eye
I
yes
organ one sees with
pronoun
bald
bawled
having no hair
cried
ball
bawl
a sphere
to cry or wail loudly
band
banned
a group, sometimes a
group of musicians
forbidden
bare
bear
naked, unconcealed, plain
the animal
base the bottom; vulgar;
السيد المعداوى
10السيد المعداوى
bass headquarters (singular)
low vocal or instrumental
range (pronounced like
lace); a type of fish (
pronounced like lass)
based
baste
be dependent or
supported
to moisten; to criticize or
lash out at
bases (noun,
verb)
basis (noun)
headquarters (plural of
base); builds on
foundation; belief
be
bee
to exist or live
insect
beach
beech
sandy area with water
type of tree with smooth,
gray bark
beat
beet
to strike violently; to
flutter or flap; to pound as
with a drum; to defeat; to
stir vigorously
a plant with a fleshy red
or white root
beau
bough
(noun)
bow (noun)
bow (noun,
verb)
boyfriend (pronounced
like owe)
branch of a tree
(pronounced like cow)
part of a set with arrows
(pronounced like owe)
boat front, a male's form
السيد المعداوى
11السيد المعداوى
of curtsy, bending at the
waist; comply
(pronounced like cow)
because vs.
since
Rule. Because and since
can be used almost
interchangeably although
because always indicates
cause and effect and since
is used for a relationship
or time.
Example: Since I have
some extra money, I will
buy shoes. (not cause and
effect)
Example: I will go to the
game because my
daughter is on the team.
(cause and effect)
Example: I have wanted
to talk to you since
yesterday. (time)
been
bin
form of be used with has
or have
container
bell
belle
chime or alarm; a signal
beautiful or charming
woman
berth
birth
a boat dock; bedroom or
bed
being born; beginning
better of higher quality
السيد المعداوى
12السيد المعداوى
bettor someone who places bets
between (see among)
biannual
biennial
semiannual
twice a year
every two years
twice a year (same as
biannual)
bite
byte
to use one’s teeth to tear
food
computer term for eight
bits of information
billed
build
charged a fee
construct
blew
blue
past tense of blow
the color
bloc
block
a group united for a
particular purpose
city street; a cube-shaped
object
boar
bore
male pig
someone or something
not interesting
board
bored
piece of wood; a group of
people
uninterested
boarder
border
someone who pays for
room and food
perimeter; boundary
bode predict
السيد المعداوى
13السيد المعداوى
bowed bent (pronounced like
owed)
bold
bowled
daring
to have gone bowling;
knocked over
bolder
boulder
more daring
a large rock
boos
booze
sounds made by
disapproving audience
alcohol
bough (see beau)
bow (see beau)
boy
buoy
male child
a naval beacon or marker
brake
break
stop
separate into pieces
bread
bred
a food; slang for money
past tense of breed;
raised
brewed
brood (verb,
noun)
fermented
mull over; a cluster or
family
brews
bruise
ferments
a black-and-blue mark,
contusion
bridal
bridle
relating to brides
a harness, usually for a
السيد المعداوى
14السيد المعداوى
horse
bring
take
you bring something
towards
you take something away
broach
brooch
to raise a topic
a bauble; a piece of
jewelry
brows
browse
the hairs in the arch
above the eyes
search for, peruse
but
butt
(noun/verb)
except
bottom; joke object; to
ram
buy
by
bye
purchase, acquire
near, next to
short for goodbye
cache
cash
hidden stash
money
calendar
colander
chart of days and months
sieve to drain off liquids
can
may
able to
permission to
cannon
canon
large, mounted gun
rule, commandment
canvas
canvass
awning cloth, tarp
to poll; a poll
capital assets; essential; main
السيد المعداوى
15السيد المعداوى
capitol city
statehouse
carat
caret
carrot
karat
unit of weight in
gemstones
a proofreading mark to
show insertion (^)
edible root
a unit for measuring the
fineness of gold
cast (noun,
verb)
caste
group of actors; to throw
a social class, a rigid
system of social
distinctions
cay
key
quay
a small, low island (also
spelled key)
a small, low island;
instrument for opening
locks
(pronounced key) wharf,
dock, pier
cede
seed
to surrender
reproductive germ
cell
sell
prison room; basic
structural unit of an
organism
to exchange for money
censor
(verb, noun)
censure
disallow; person who
disallows
Example: The soldier's
letters were censored
السيد المعداوى
16السيد المعداوى
sensor before mailing.
to disapprove of; criticize
strongly
Example: The children
were censured by the
principal.
a device that measures
heat, light, etc. and
transmits a signal to a
control or measuring
instrument
cent
scent
sent
a penny
a smell, aroma
transmitted
cereal
serial
breakfast food
a series or array
chance
chants
accident(al)
chorus, melody
chased
chaste
went after
pure, virginal
chews
choose
how one eats food with
teeth
to pick
childish
childlike
immature
innocent
Chile
chili
chilly
a country in South
America
a type of pepper; a dish
with peppers in it
cold, brisk
السيد المعداوى
17السيد المعداوى
choral
coral
chorale
corral
a cappella, singing
without instruments
material that makes up
reefs; orange color
a hymn, a choir
horse pen
chord
cord
cored
three or more musical
tones sounded
simultaneously; line
segment joining two
points on a curve
a rope or strand of flexible
material
removed the center of
something
chute
shoot (verb,
noun)
an inclined shaft
to discharge from a
weapon; a stem
cite
sight
site
to assert; to quote from;
to subpoena
vision, the power to see
a location or position
classic
classical
important; fundamental
having to do with Greek or
Roman antiquity;
pertaining to eighteenthto nineteenth-century
music
clause
claws
in grammar, a group of
words containing a
subject and verb; part of a
السيد المعداوى
18السيد المعداوى
contract
an animal’s nails
click
clique
a sound
a group
climactic
climatic
having to do with the
climax
having to do with the
climate
close (verb,
adjective)
clothes
to shut (pronounced like
rose); nearby
(pronounced like dose)
apparel
coarse
course
rough, lacking in fineness
of texture; crude
a class; a path
colander (see calendar)
colonel
kernel
an officer in the military
a seed
complement
compliment
completing part of an
order
praise
confidant
confident
someone confided in
certain, sure
connote
denote
to suggest, imply
Example: A growling dog
connotes danger.
to be a sign of
Example: Certain clouds
السيد المعداوى
19السيد المعداوى
denote rain on the way.
consent (see assent)
continual
continuous
repeated but with breaks
in between; chronic
Example: The continual
problem of our car not
starting forced us to sell
it.
without interruption in an
unbroken stream of time
or space
Example: The continuous
dripping of the faucet
drove me crazy.
core
corps
corpse
center or crucial part
trained group
dead body
cosign
cosine
to sign along with
a trigonometry term
council
counsel
(verb, noun)
a group of people meeting
for a purpose
advise; advice, an
attorney
creak
creek
a sound
a stream
crews
cruise
many groups
a trip or vacation by sea
criteria
criterion
plural of criterion
a standard for evaluating
السيد المعداوى
20السيد المعداوى
or testing something
cue
queue
a hint; a stimulus
a line of people waiting
currant
current
type of small berry
up to date
curser
cursor
someone who swears or
wishes misfortune on
another
a blinking symbol
indicating position on a
computer screen
dam
damn
a barrier obstructing the
flow of liquid
a swear word or curse
dammed
damned
blocked from flowing
doomed
days
daze
twenty-four-hour periods
of time
to stun or overwhelm
dear
deer
affectionate term
the animal
denote (see connote)
desert (noun, a desolate area; to
السيد المعداوى
21السيد المعداوى
verb)
dessert
abandon
extra s for sugary treat
desperate
disparate
lost all hope, in despair
entirely dissimilar
device
(noun)
devise (verb)
an invention
to invent
dew
do
due
condensation in the
morning
to take action
owed by a certain date
die
dye
to cease to live; the
singular of dice
to stain or color using an
agent
different
from vs.
different than
vs.
differently
than
Rule. Use different from
not different than.
Example: The weather
was different from what
we expected.
You may use differently
than when a clause
precedes and follows the
expression.
Example: He works
differently than she does.
discreet
discrete
careful, confidential
individual, distinct
discussed
disgust
talked over
repulsion
does female deer (plural)
السيد المعداوى
22السيد المعداوى
does (pronounced like hose)
a form of to do
(pronounced like fuzz)
doughs
doze
unbaked loaves of bread
to sleep
dual
duel
two-fold
fight
eager (see anxious)
effect (see affect)
e.g.
i.e.
for example
Example: My living
expenses have increased,
e.g., rent, food, and
utilities.
that is, in other words
Example: My living
expenses have drained my
finances, i.e., I have less
money in the bank at the
end of every month.
eight (see ate)
elicit
illicit
evoke, extract, draw out
illegal
elude (see allude)
elusive
illusive
difficult to describe,
evasive
Example: The point of the
novel is elusive to me.
plausible or possible;
deceptive
السيد المعداوى
23السيد المعداوى
Example: She had the
illusive dream of finding
happiness by traveling.
(plausible, possible)
Example: She had an
illusive idea that she was
qualified for the job.
(deceptive, delusional)
emigrate
immigrate
to exit one country in
order to live in another
country
to enter a new country to
live
empathy
sympathy
to understand another's
feelings
to feel compassion or
sadness for another
ensure (see assure)
epic
epoch
saga
a period of time, an age
err (see air)
every day
everyday
each day
Example: I learn
something new every day.
ordinary
Example: These are my
everyday clothes.
except (see accept)
eye (see aye)
facts objective data
السيد المعداوى
24السيد المعداوى
fax short for facsimile;
technology that sends
images by phone
faint
feint
to go unconscious
pretense
fair
(adjective,
noun)
fare
impartial; an exhibition
payment or expense for
travel
fairy
ferry
imaginary being
possessing magical
powers
type of boat
farther
further
refers to physical distance
only
Example: We had to walk
farther than the map
indicated.
refers to physical distance
like farther; moreover; in
addition; to a greater
extent
Examples: We need to
discuss this further.
Nothing could
be further from the truth.
We had to walk
further.
faux
foe
fake, imitation
enemy, opponent
faze
phase
to perturb or fluster
a period or situation
السيد المعداوى
25السيد المعداوى
feat
feet
an extraordinary act or
accomplishment
twelve-inch increments;
appendages at end of legs
feted
fetid
celebrated, honored
noxious, gross
fewer
less
under
refers to a number that
can be counted
Example: Fewer days off.
refers to an uncountable
amount
Example: Less rain, less
fear.
used for direction
Example: Under the
mattress, not under $100.
find
fined
discover
penalized
fir
fur
type of tree
hairy coat of an animal
flair
flare
style
erupt
flea
flee
insect
to run away
flew
flu
flue
past tense of fly, to have
moved through the air
with wings
a virus
part of a chimney
floe
flow
sheet of floating ice
pour, proceed, spew
السيد المعداوى
26السيد المعداوى
flour
flower
grain
the bloom of a plant
for
fore
four
preposition
ahead
the number after three
forego
forgo
to go in front of, precede
to do without
foreword
forward
introduction to a book
written by someone other
than the author
opposite of backward
fort
forte
a military fortification
someone’s strong point,
talent
forth
fourth
forward
number after third
foul
fowl
offensive, disgusting
certain birds
frees
freeze
frieze
releases
to make cold
a decorative band on the
wall
further (see farther)
gait
gate
a manner of walking or
stepping, stride
Examples: trotting,
galloping, limping
barrier
gilt
guilt
gold-covered
blame
السيد المعداوى
27السيد المعداوى
gone
went
used with has or have
Examples: Ella has gone
to the store.
Barry and Ella
have gone to the beach.
past tense of go
Examples: Ella went to the
store.
Barry and Ella
went to the beach.
gored
gourd
stabbed with a horn or
tusk
hard-shelled fruit
gorilla
guerrilla
largest of the apes
soldier using surprise
raids; irregular tactics
graft
graphed
attach; acquisition of
money dishonestly
diagrammed
grate
great
a cover or partition of
parallel or crossed bars
excellent
grill
grille
method of cooking;
barbecuing
an openwork barrier for a
gate
groan
grown
a low, mournful sound of
pain or grief
to have increased in size
guessed
guest
conjectured, offered an
opinion
السيد المعداوى
28السيد المعداوى
company, honoree
guise
guys
appearance or assumed
appearance
men
hair
hare
what grows on one’s head
and body
rabbit
hall
haul
passageway or large room
to pull, drag, or lower
halve
have
divide into two
to possess
hangar
hanger
shed or shelter for
housing airplanes
something to hang a
garment on in the closet
haut/haute
hoe
high-class, fancy as in
haute couture
(pronounced oh or oht)
flat-bladed gardening tool
have vs. of should’ve, could’ve, and
would’ve are contractions
for should have, could
have, and would have. No
such wording as should
of, could of, would of
hay
hey
dried grass
interjection used to call
attention
heal
heel
to alleviate or cure
back part of the foot;
السيد المعداوى
29السيد المعداوى
scoundrel
healthful
healthy
something that promotes
health
Example: Organic food is
thought to be healthful.
to have good health
hear
here
to listen; to give an
official hearing
in this spot
heard
herd
listened
a flock of animals
heir (see air)
heroin
heroine
a narcotic derived from
morphine
female admired for
courage or ability
hi
high
a greeting, informal for
hello
elevated
higher
hire
more elevated
to pay for services
him
hymn
pronoun referring to male
person or animal
song in praise of religious
deity
hoard
horde
stockpile, amass
a large group, crowd
hoarse
horse
cracked voice
animal
السيد المعداوى
30السيد المعداوى
hoes
hose
flat-bladed gardening
tools
a flexible tube for
conveying liquid
hole
whole
an opening
entire, complete
holy
wholly
religious
entirely, completely
hostel
hostile
boarding house or
inexpensive lodging
antagonistic
hour
our
sixty minutes
possessive pronoun
I (see aye)
idle
idol
idyll or idyl
not active; unemployed
someone admired
interlude, breathing
space; romance, fairy tale
i.e. (see e.g.)
I'll (see aisle)
illicit (see elicit)
illude (see allude)
illusion (see allusion)
illusive (see elusive)
immigrate (see emigrate)
imply
infer
to indicate without being
explicit
to conclude from evidence
السيد المعداوى
31السيد المعداوى
in
inn
preposition; inside
small hotel
inc.
ink
abbreviation for
incorporated
fluid in pens
incite
insight
to prompt to action
understanding,
comprehension
incredible
incredulous
astonishing
Example: Her gymnastic
moves were incredible.
skeptical
Example: Citizens are
incredulous about the
reason for the increase in
the price of gas.
ingenious
ingenuous
clever
naive or simple
innocence
innocents
to be without guilt
people who are without
guilt
insure (see assure)
irregardless
regardless
no such word exists
in spite of, without regard
isle (see aisle)
it's
its
contraction for it is or it
has
Example: It’s for a good
cause.
possessive pronoun
السيد المعداوى
32السيد المعداوى
Example: The cat hurt its
paw.
jewel
joule
gem
in physics, a unit of work
or energy
karat (see carat)
kernel (see colonel)
key (see cay)
knead
kneed
need
work with bread dough
hit with one’s knee
to require
knew
new
past tense of know, to
have understood
opposite of old
knight
night
a soldier in the Middle
Ages
period between sunset
and sunrise
knot
not
interlacing of cord or rope
used to express negation
know
no
understand, comprehend
a negative to express
dissent
knows
nose
understands
part of the body one
smells with
السيد المعداوى
33السيد المعداوى
lacks
lax
is deficient in
slack, easy-going
ladder
latter
the thing with rungs that you
climb
the second of two
Example: If given a choice
between vanilla and chocolate
ice cream, I'll take the latter.
lain
lane
past participle of lie as in lie
down
narrow road or passage
lay vs. lie lay vs. lie chart
Prese
nt
Pas
t
Participle
(نموذج من