❞ قصة The Hunchback of Notre Dam ❝ ⏤ Victor Hugo

هذا القسم يحتوي علي العديد من القصص والروايات باللغة الإنجليزية

(Stories and novels) القصص والروايات
الرواية هي سرد نثري طويل يصف شخصيات خيالية أو واقعية وأحداثاً على شكل قصة متسلسلة، كما أنها أكبر الأجناس القصصية من حيث الحجم وتعدد الشخصيات وتنوع الأحداث، وقد ظهرت في أوروبا بوصفها جنساً أدبياً مؤثراً في القرن الثامن عشر، والرواية حكاية تعتمد السرد بما فيه من وصف وحوار وصراع بين الشخصيات وما ينطوي عليه ذلك من تأزم وجدل وتغذيه الأحداث
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which is typically published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the Italian novella for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself from the Latin novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning "new". Walter Scott made a distinction between the novel, in which (as he saw it) "events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society" and the romance, which he defined as "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents". However, many such romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a "kindred term". This sort of romance is in turn different from the genre fiction love romance or romance novel
A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a "single effect" or mood.

A dictionary definition is "an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot."

The short story is a crafted form in its own right. Short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components as in a novel, but typically to a lesser degree. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel or novella (a shorter novel), authors generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques.

    The Hunchback of Notre Dame
HREE HUNDRED AND forty-eight years, six months, and
nineteen days ago to-day, the Parisians awoke to the
sound of all the bells in the triple circuit of the city, the
university, and the town ringing a full peal.
The sixth of January, 1482, is not, however, a day of
which history has preserved the memory. There was
nothing notable in the event which thus set the bells
and the bourgeois of Paris in a ferment from early
morning. It was neither an assault by the Picards nor
the Burgundians, nor a hunt led along in procession,
nor a revolt of scholars in the town of Laas, nor an
entry of “our much dread lord, monsieur the king,”
nor even a pretty hanging of male and female thieves
by the courts of Paris. Neither was it the arrival, so
frequent in the fifteenth century, of some plumed and
bedizened embassy. It was barely two days since the
last cavalcade of that nature, that of the Flemish ambassadors charged with concluding the marriage between the dauphin and Marguerite of Flanders, had
made its entry into Paris, to the great annoyance of
M. le Cardinal de Bourbon, who, for the sake of pleasing the king, had been obliged to assume an amiable
mien towards this whole rustic rabble of Flemish burgomasters, and to regale them at his Hôtel de Bourbon, with a very “pretty morality, allegorical satire,
and farce,” while a driving rain drenched the magnificent tapestries at his door.