❞ كتاب CONVERSATION FOR ALL OCCASIONS ❝ ⏤ كاتب غير معروف

هذا القسم يحتوى علي مجموعة من الكتب والقصص التي تكسب المتعلم مهاراة التحدث.

المحادثة هي التواصل بين العديد من الناس. إنها مهارة اجتماعية ليست صعبة لمعظم الأفراد. المحادثات هي النموذج المثالي للتواصل في بعض النواحي، حيث أنها تسمح للناس ذوي وجهات النظر المختلفة حول موضوع معين بالتعلم مع بعضهم البعض. وعلى صعيد آخر فالخطاب هو عرضا شفويا من قبل شخص واحد موجها إلى مجموعة من الأفراد.

لمحادثة ناجحة يجب على المشتركين تحقيق توازن عملي في المساهمات. المحادثة الناجحة تشمل تبادل الاتصالات المثيرة للاهتمام بين المتحدثين أو الأشياء التي يعؤفها المتحدثين. لكي يحدث هذا، فإن هؤلاء المشتركون في المحادثة يجب أن يجدوا موضوعا يستطيعون التواصل من خلاله بوعي. أولئك الذين بشتركون في المحادثة بطبيعة الحال يميلون إلى أن ينسبوا ما يقوله المتحدثون الأخرون لأنفسهم. انهم أحيانا يقومون بإظهار جوانب حياتهم في ردودهم من أجل الاتصال بآراء الشخص الآخر أو نقاط الحديث.

Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people.

The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning.

Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction

Contents
1    Definition and characterization
2    Classification
2.1    Banter
2.2    Discussion
2.3    Subject
2.4    Functions
3    Aspects
3.1    Differences between men and women
3.2    Between strangers
3.3    Narcissism
3.4    Artificial intelligence
3.5    One's self
4    In the media
5    Literature
5.1    In fiction
5.2    In "Six Benefits of Better Conversation"

Definition and characterization

No generally accepted definition of conversation exists, beyond the fact that a conversation involves at least two people talking together.[1] Consequently, the term is often defined by what it is not. A ritualized exchange such as a mutual greeting is not a conversation, and an interaction that includes a marked status differential (such as a boss giving orders) is also not a conversation.[2] An interaction with a tightly focused topic or purpose is also generally not considered a conversation.[3] Summarizing these properties, one authority writes that "Conversation is the kind of speech that happens informally, symmetrically, and for the purposes of establishing and maintaining social ties."[4]

From a less technical perspective, a writer on etiquette in the early 20th century defined conversation as the polite give and take of subjects thought of by people talking with each other for company.[5]

Conversations follow rules of etiquette because conversations are social interactions, and therefore depend on social convention. Specific rules for conversation arise from the cooperative principle. Failure to adhere to these rules causes the conversation to deteriorate or eventually to end. Contributions to a conversation are responses to what has previously been said.

Subject
Many conversations can be divided into four categories according to their major subject content:

Subjective ideas, which often serve to extend understanding and awareness.
Objective facts, which may serve to consolidate a widely held view.
Other people (usually absent), which may be either critical, competitive, or supportive. This includes gossip.
Oneself, which sometimes indicate attention-seeking behavior or can provide relevant information about oneself to participants in the conversation.
Practically, few conversations fall exclusively into one category. Nevertheless, the proportional distribution of any given conversation between the categories can offer useful psychological insights into the mind set of the participants. This is the reason that the majority of conversations are difficult to categorize.

Functions
Most conversations may be classified by their goal. Conversational ends may, however, shift over the life of the conversation.

Functional conversation is designed to convey information in order to help achieve an individual or group goal.
Small talk is a type of conversation where the topic is less important than the social purpose of achieving bonding between people or managing personal distance, such as 'how is the weather' might be portrayed as an example, which conveys no practicality whatsoever.
 

NATALIE XUÂN VĂN AÍ CHÂU HOÀNG
YẾN CHÂU VĂN
Preface
This book is a comprehensive English conversation, comprehension, and grammar text
all rolled into one, suitable for students who are able to write decently and would like to work on
English pronunciation and speaking skills. Students can both read and listen to English using the
accompanying CD recording of every written dialogue. After each conversation, there are
exercises for students to test their understanding of what was said in each conversation, as well
as exercises for students to practice using key phrases and using correct grammar. There are a
variety of different conversational topics included in this book that are designed to help prepare
students for different situations they may encounter in daily life where they will interact with
English speaking people, whether it be in school, at work, or even at a doctor’s office. These
conversations will provide students with more exposure to the American culture because they
reflect aspects of the American life. 

Contents
I) DAILY LIFE
Chapter 1 Talking About The Weather 5
Chapter 2 An Afternoon In The Kitchen 11
Chapter 3 Telephone Conversation 16
Chapter 4 An Afternoon In The Park 21
Chapter 5 Weekend Plans 27
Chapter 6 Winter Break Plans 33
Chapter 7 A Visit To The Doctor’s Office 38
Chapter 8 Going To The Market 44
Chapter 9 I Need Help! 51
Chapter 10 Looking For An Apartment 56
Chapter 11 Formal Converstion 61
II) PROFESSIONAL LIFE
Chapter 12 Looking For A Job 69
Chapter 13 Job Interview 75
Chapter 14 First Day At Work 80
Chapter 15 On The Production Floor 86
Chapter 16 Changing A Customer’s Order 92
Chapter 17 Promotion 97
Chapter 18 Meeting People 102
III) ACADEMIC LIFE
Chapter 19 Applying To College 108
Chapter 20 Giving A Speech 113
Chapter 21 Studying For A Test 118
Chapter 22 Book Conversation 123
Chapter 23 Graduation 128
IV) HOLIDAYS
Chapter 24 Halloween 134
Chapter 25 Thanksgiving 140
Chapter 21 New Year’s Eve 145